part
Ⅰ:
Section A
1. By the time you arrive in London, we ___ in
Europe for two weeks.
A. shall stay B. have stayed C. will have
stayed D. have been staying
2. I appreciated ____ the opportunity
to study abroad two years ago.
A. having been given B. having given
C. to have been given D. to have given
3. Living in the central
Australian desert has its problems, ____ obtaining water is not the
least.
A. of which B. for what C. as D. whose
4. The heart is
___ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by
the brain.
A. not so B. not much C. much more D. no more
5.
____ the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Prof. White
persisted in his research.
A. Because of B. As to C. In spite of
D. In view of
6. Jean Wagner`s most enduring contribution to the
study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ____ in religious,
as well as worldly, frame of reference.
A. is to be analyzed B.
has been analyzed
C. be analyzed D. should have been analyzed
7.
The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand
, ____ all practical value by the time they finished.
A. could
lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost
8.
No bread eaten by man is so sweet as _____ earned by his own labour.
A.
one B. that C. such D. what
9. It isn`t cold enough for there ___
a frost tonight , so I can leave Jim`s car out quite safely.
A.
would be B. being C. was D. to be
10. Scientists generally agree
that the Earth`s climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years
____ it has warmed in the 20,000 years since the Ice Age.
A. as
long as B. as much as C. as soon as D. as well as
Section
B 改错:
ll . Similar elements in the prehistoric remains from both
areas suggest that Indians and their
AB
neighbours
had maintained distant but real connections ever before 1500 B. C.
CD
12.
It soon became obviously that instead of being trained to sing she
would be trained as the as-
A BC
D
tronomer`s assistant .
13. He also conceived that the solar
system and the universe would come into existence by a nat-
ABC
ural
process and would disappear one day.
D
14. The moon
has a mass that is nearly one hundred times less than the earth ;
in consequence ,
AB C
the
force of gravity at the moon` s surface is only one-sixth of that
at the earth`s surface.
D
15 . "The Bunsen burner
is so named because it is thought to be invented by Robert Bunsen,
who
A B C
was Genman by birth.
D
16. Much although I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to
equal her in thoroughness,
A B
whatever
the job.
CD
17. The weeds and tall grass in that yard
makes the house look as if it had been vacant for quite
A
B CD
some time.
18 . If only the nature of
the aging process is better understood, the possibility of discovering
a
ABC
medicine
that can block the fundamental process of aging seems very remote
.
D
19. When I consider how talented
he is as a painter, I cannot heip but believing that the public
AB CD
will appreciate his gift .
20.
Allen has stated that he has always had a great interest and admiration
for the work of the
A BCD
British
economist Keynes .
Section C:
21. Please do not be ___ by
his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.
A.
disregarded B. distorted C. irritated D. intervened
22. Craig assured
his boss that he would ___ all his energies in doing this new job.
A.
call forth B. call at C. call on D. call off
23. Too much ___ to
X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.
A.
disclosure B. exhibition C. contact D. exposure
24. When confronted
with such questions, my mind goes ____, and I can hardly remember
my own date of birth.
A. dim B. blank C. faint D. vain
25. It
is well known that knowledge is the ____ condition for expansion of
mind.
A. incompatible B. incredible c. indefinite D. indispensable
26.
More than two hundred years ago the United States ____ from the British
Empire and become an independent country.
A. got off B. pulled
down C. broke away D. attached to
27. Care should be taken to decrease
the length of time that one is ____ loud continuous noise.
A. subjected
to B. filled with C. associated with D. dropped off
28. Some of
the most important concepts in physics ____ their success to these
mathematical systems.
A. oblige B. owe C. contribute D. attribute
29.
As your instructor advised, you ought to spend your time on something
____ researching into.
A. precious B. worth C. worthy D. valuable
30.
As a defense against air-pollution damage, many plants and animals____
a substance to absorb harmful chemicals.
A. relieve B. release
C. dismiss D. discard
31. Without the friction between their feet
and the ground, people would ___ be able to walk.
A. in no time
B. by all means C. in no way D. on any account
32. While typing
, Helen has a habit of stopping ____ to give her long and flowing
hair a smooth.
A. occasionally B. simultaneously C. eventually
D. promptly
33. One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants
in the U.S. is that they
have taken great ______to educate their
children.
A. efforts B. pains C. attempts D. endeavours
34.If
any man here does not agree with me, he should ____his own plan for
improving the living conditions of these people.
A. put on
B. put out c. put in d. put forward
35.I support your decision,
but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be ____to it.
A.
connected B. fastened C. bound D. stuck
36.The English language
contains a(n)_____of words which are comparative seldom used in ordinary
conversation.
A. altitude B. latitude C. multitude D. attitude
37.
In my opinion, you can widen the ____of these improvements through
your active participation.
A. dimension B. volume C. magnitude
D. scope
38.Your improper words will give _____to doubts concerning
your true intentions.
A. rise B. reason C. suspicion D. impulse
39.The
news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made _____.
A.
on the spot B. on the site C. on the location D. on the ground
40.The
remarkable ______of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles
Darwin to establish his theory of evolution.
A. classification
B. variety C. density D. diversion
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
The
first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language
is the word. In
speaking, the choice of words is 41 the utmost
importance. Proper selection will eliminate
one source of 42 breakdown
in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words
43
a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used
by the speaker may 44
unfavorable reactions in the listener 45
interfere with his comprehension; hence, the
transmission-reception
system breaks down .
46 , inaccurate or indefinite words may
make 47 difficult for the listener to under-
stand the 48 which
is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific
words
in his working vocabulary may be 49 to explain or describe in a 50
that can be un-
derstood by his listeners.
41. A. of B. at C.
for D. on
42. A. inaccessible B. timely C. likely D. invalid
43.
A. encourages B. prevents C. destroys D. offers
44. A. pass out
B. take away C. back up D. stir up
45. A. who B. as C. which D.
what
46 . A. Moreover B. However C. Preliminarily D. Unexpectedly
47.
A. that B. It C. so D. this
48. A. speech B. sense C. message D.
meaning
49. A. obscure B. difficult C. impossible D. unable
50.
A. case B. means C. method D. way
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Passage
I
The American economic system is organized around a
basically private-enterprise, market-
oriented economy in which
consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their
money
in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
Private businessmen ,
striving to make profits , produce these
goods and services in competition with other businessmen ;
and
the profit motive , operating under competitive pressures , largely
determines how these goods
and services are produced. Thus, in
the American eoonomic system it is the demand of individual
consumers
, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the
desire of individu -
als to maximize their incomes, that together
determine what shall be produced and how resources
are used to
produce it.
An important factor in a market-oriented economy
is the mechanism by which consumer de-
mands can be expressed and
responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mecha-
nism
is provided bv a price system, a process in which prices rise and
fall in response to relative
demands of consumers and supplies
offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply
relative
to the demand , the price will be bid up and some consumers will be
eliminated from the
market. If, on the other hand, producing more
of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this
will tend to
increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in tum will
lower the price and
permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus,
price is the regulating mechanism in the Amer-
ican economic system
.
The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that
individuals are allowed to own
productive resources (private propeny)
, and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over
natural
resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In
the American economy,
the concept of private property embraces
not only the ownership of productive resources but also
certain
rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or
to make a free contract
with another private individual .
51
. In Line 11 , Para 1 , "the desire of individuals to maximize
their incomes" means__.
A. Americans are never satisfied with
their incomes
B. Americans tend to oventate their incomes
C.
Americans want to have their incomes increased
D. Americans want
to increase the purchasing power of their incomes
52. The first
two &ntences in the second paragraph tell us that__.
A. producers
can satisfy the oonsumers by mechanized production
B. consumers
can express their demands through producers
C. producers decide
the prices of products
D. supply and demand regulate prices
53
. According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized
by__.
A. private property and rights concerned
B. manpower and
natural resources control
C. ownership of productive resources
D.
free contracts and prices
54. The passage is mainly about__.
A.
how American goods are produced
B. how American consumers buy their
goods
C. how American economic system works
D. how American
businessmen make their profits
Passage 2
One
hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued
credit card. They
give their owners automatic credit in stores,
restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the coun-
try, and even
abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More
and more of
these credit cards can be read automatically, making
it possible to withdraw or deposit money in
scattered locations,
whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the "cashless
society"
is not on the horizon-it`s already here.
While computers offer
these conveniences to consumers , they have many advantages for sell-
ers
too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up
sales. They can keep a
wide range of records, including who sold
what, when, and to whom. This information allows
businessmen to
keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being
sold and how
fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return
goods to suppliers can then be made. At the
same time these computers
reoord which hours are busiest and which employees are the most effi-
cient
, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.
And they also identify
preferred customers for promotional canlpaigns.
Computers are relied on bv manufacturers for
similar reasons. Computer-analyzed
nlarketing reports can help to decide which products to em-
phasize
now, which to develop for the future , and which to drop. Computers
keep track of goods
in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even
of the production process itself.
Numerous other commercial
enterprises , from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and
electric
utilities to milk processors , bring better and more efficialt services
to consumers through
the use of computers.
55 . According to
the passage, the credit card enables its owner to__.
A. withdraw
as much money from the bank as he wishes
B. obtain more convenient
services than other people do
C. enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper
D.
cash money wherever he wishes to
56. From the ast sentence of the
first paragraph we learn that __.
A. in the future all the Americans
will use credit cards
B. credit cards are mainly used in the United
States today
C. nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash
D.
it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before
57. The
phrase "ring up sales" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means
"__".
A. make an order of goods
B. record sales on
a cash register
C. call the sales manager
D. keep track of the
goods in stock
58. What is this passage mainly about?
A. Approaches
to the commercial use of computers.
B. Conveniences brought about
by computers in business.
C. Significance of automation in commercial
enterprises.
D. Advantages of credit cards in business.
Passage
3
Exceptional children are different in some significant
way from others of the same age. For
these children to develop
to their full adult potential , their education must be adapted to
those dif-
ferences.
Although we focus on the needs of exceptional
children, we find ourselves describing their
environnlent as well.
While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are
aware of
the importance of the supporting players and the scenery
of the play itself. Both the family and
the society in which exceptional
children live are often the key to their growth and development.
And
it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society`
s understanding--the
knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed
on to the next generation.
Education in any society is a mirror
of that society. In that minor we can see the strengths,
the weaknesses,
the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself.
The great
interest in exceptional children shown in public education
over the past three decades indicates the
strong feeling in our
society that all citizens , whatever their special conditions , deserve
the oppor-
tunity to fully develop their capabllities.
"All
men are created equal. " We`ve heard it many times, but it still
has important meaning
for education in a democratic society. Although
the phrase was used by this country` s founders to
denote equality
before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity.
That
concept implies educational opportunity for all children-the
right of each child to receive help in
learning to the limits of
his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent
court
decisions have confirmed the right of all children-disabled
or not-to an appropriate education ,
and have ordered that pubLic
schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In re-
sponse
, schools are modifying their programs , adapting instruction to children
who are exception-
al , to those who cannot profit substantially
from regular programs.
59. In Paragraph 2, the author cites the
example of the leading actor on the stage to show that
A. the growth
of exceptional children has much to do with their famiLy and the society
B.
exceptional children are more influenced by their families than nomlal
children are
C. exceptional children are the key interest of the
family and society
D. the needs of the society weigh much heavier
than the needs of the exceptional children
60. The reason that
the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that__.
A.
they are expected to be leaders of the society
B. they might become
a burden of the society
C. they should fully develop their potentials
D.
disabled children deserve special consideration
61 . This passage
mainly deals with__.
A. the differences of children in their learning
capabilities
B. the definition of exceptional children in modern
society
C. the special educational programs for exceptional children
D.
the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children
62
. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional
children ___.
A. is now enjoying legal support
B. disagrees
with the tradition of the country
C. was clearly stated by the
country` s founders
D. will exert great influence over court decisions
Passage
4
"I have great confidence that by the end of the
decade we`ll know in vast detail how cancer
cells arise, "
says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. "But,
" he cautions,
"some people have the idea that once one
understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow.
Consider
Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but
it was fifty or sixty
years before cures were available. "
This
year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will
survive at least five
years. In the year 2000 , the National Cancer
Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent.
For some skin
cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But
other survivaL
statistics are still discouraging-----13 percent
for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pan-
creas (胰腺)
.
With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how
cancer works is not easy. The
researchers made great progress in
the early 1970s, when they disoovered that oncogenes, which
are
cancer-causing genes (基因) , are inactive in normal cells. Anything
from cosmic rays to radi-
ation to diet may activate a dormant
oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes
are driven
into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.
The
exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood
that many cancers are
initiated at the level of genes suggests
that we will never prevent all cancers. "Changes are a nor-
mal
part of the evoLutionary process , " says oncologist William
Haywar. Environmental factors can
never be totally eliminated;
as Hayward points out , "We can` t prepare a medicine against
cosmic
rays. "
The prospects for cure, though still
distant, are brighter.
"First , we need to understand how
the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to deter-
mine
whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always
responsible for at leasl
part of the trouble. If we can understand
how cancer works, we can counteract its action. "
63. The
example of Pasteur in the passage is used to__.
A. predict that
the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade
B. indicate
that the prospects for curing cancer are bright
C. prove that cancer
will be cured in fifty to sixty years
D. warn that there is still
a long way to go before cancer can be conquered
64. The author
implies that bv the year 2000 ,__.
A. there will be a drastic rise
in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients
B. 90 percent
of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living
C. the survival
statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers
D.
there won` t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer
patients
65 . Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes__.
A. that
are always in operation in a healthy person
B. which remain unharmful
so long as they are not activated
C. that can be driven out of
normal cells
D. which normal cells can` t turn off
66 . The
word "dormant" in the third paragraph most probably means__.
A.
dead B. ever-present C. inactive D. potential
Passage 5
Discoveries
in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds"
to come in blinding
flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents.
Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would
have it, look at
the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin
there and then.
He experimented with antibacterial substances for
nine years before he made his discovery. Inven-
tions and innovations
almost always come out of laborious trial and enor. Innovation is
like soc-
cer; even the best players miss the goal and have their
shots blocked much more frequently than
they score.
The
point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most
shots at the
and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity.
The prime difference between innovation
and others is one of approach.
Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs,
and
they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise.
What ordinary people see
as fanciful abstractions , professional
innovators see as solid possibilities.
"Creative thinking
may mean simply the realization that there` s no particular virtue
in doing
things the way they have always been done, " wrote
Rudolph Flexh, a language authority, this
accounts for our reaction
to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases
on
wheels that make life more convenient : "How come nobody
thought of that before?"
The creative approach begins
with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators
will
not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting
from A to B, the av-
erage person will automatically set out on
the best-known and apparentLy simplest route. The in-
novator will
search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run
and are bound to
be more interesting and challenging even if they
lead to dead ends.
Highly creative individuals really do march
to a different drummer.
67. What does the author probably mean
by "untaught mind" in the first paragraph?
A. A person
ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.
B. A citizen
of a society that restricts personal creativity.
C. A person who
has had no education.
D. An individual who often comes up with
new ideas by accident.
68 . According to the author , what distinguishes
innovators from non-innovators?
A. The variety of ideas they have.
B.
The intelligence they possess.
C. The way they deal with problems.
D.
The way they present their findings.
69. The author quotes Rudolph
Flesch in Paragraph 3 because__.
A. Rudolph Flesch is the best-known
expert in the study of human creativity
B. the quotation strengthens
the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing
things
.
C. the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch` s point of view
D.
the quotation adds a new idea to the informatlon previously presented
70.
The phrase "march to a different drummer" (the last line
of the passage) suggests that highly
creative individuals are__.
A.
diligent in pursuing their goals
B. reluctant to follow common
ways of doing things
C. devoted to the progress of science
D.
concemed about the advance of society
Part Ⅳ English-Chinese
Translation
According to the new school of scientists,
technology is an overlooked force in expanding the
horizons of
scientific knowledge. (71 ) Science moves forward, they say, not so
much through the
insights of great men of genius as because of
more ordinary things like improved techniques and
tools. (72) "In
short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific
revolution, as we call
it, was largely the improvement and invention
and use of a series of instruments that expanded
the reach of science
in innumerable directions. "
(73 )Over the years, tools
and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation
have
largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The
modern school that hails
technology algues that such masters as
Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such
as Edison
attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft
information and
technological devices of different kinds that were
usable in scientific experiments.
The centerhiece of the argument
of a technology-yes , genius-no advocate was an analysis of
Gialileo`
s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the
day was derived from
Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century,
whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at
the center of all
heavenly motions. (74) Galileo` s greatest glory was that in 1609
he was the first
person to turn the newly invented telescope on
the heavens to prove that the planets revolve
around the sun rather
than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to
the new
school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement
of machinery for making eyeglass-
es .
Federal policy is
necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75)Whether
the
Govemment should increase the financing of pure science at
the expense of technology or vice ver-
sa (反之) often depends on
the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
Part V
Writing (15 points)
DIRECTIONS :
A. Title: ON MAKING
FRIENDS
B. TIME LIMIT : 40 minutes
C. Word limit : 120 - 150
words ( not including the given opening sentence)
D . Your composition
should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the
given
opening sentence : "As a human being , one can hardly do without
a friend . "
E . Your composition must be written clearly
on the ANSWER SHEET .
OUTLINE :
l . The need for friends
2
. True friendship
3. My principle in making friends
答案:
PartⅠ
Section
A ( 15 points)
l. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C
6. C 7. B 8. B 9. D
10. B
Section B ( 15 points)
11. D,even 12. A,obvious
13.
B,had come 14. B,that of the earth
15. C,to have been invented
16. A,Much as 或 Much though
17. B,make 18. A,Unless ( =if. . .not)
19.
C,删去 but 或将 believing 改为 believe 20. C,a great interest in
section
C ( 10 points)
21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. D
26. C 27. A 28.
B 29. B 30. B
31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C
36. C 37. D 38.
A 39. A 40. B
Part Ⅱ
41. A 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. C
46. A
47. B 48. C 49. D 50. D
Part Ⅲ
51. D 52. D 53. A 54. C 55.
B
56. C 57. B 58. B 59. A 60. C
61. D 62. A 63. D 64. D 65.
B
66. C 67. A 68. C 69. B 70. B
Part Ⅳ
71. 他们(新学派科学家们)说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于
改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。
72．新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列
器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。”
73．工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思
想家们忽视了。
74．伽里略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实
行星是围绕太阳旋转，而不是围绕地球。
75．政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这
往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。 |