Part
I Listening comprehension (20 minutes) 略 Part
II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Direction
: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is following
by some questions or unfinished statements - For each of them there
are four choices marked A ) , B ) , C) and D ) . You should decide
on the best choice and mark the and mark the corresponding letter
on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre . Question
21 to 25 are based on the following passage: It
is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive
packaging rumpus started because Senator Hart discovered that the
boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were
becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12
to 10. 5 ounces, without any reduction in price. There were still
twelve biscuits, but they had been reduced in size. Later, the Senator
rightly complained of a store-bought pie in a handsomely illustrated
box that pictured, in a single slice, almost as many cherries as there
were in the whole pie. The manufacturer
who increases the unit price of his product by changing his package
size to lower the quantity delivered can, without undue hardship,
put his product into boxes, bags, and tins that will contain even
4-ounce, 8-ounce, one-pound, Two-pound
quantities of breakfast foods, cake mixes, etc. A study of drugstore
and supermarket shelves will convince any observer that all possible
size and shapes of boxes, jars, bottles, and tins are in use at the
same time and, as the package journals show, week by week, there is
never any hesitation in introducing a new size. and shape of box or
bottle when it aids in product differentiation. The producers of packaged
products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain
even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably
on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes, materials,
shape, art work, and net weights that are used for improving a product's
market position. When a packaging
expert explained that he was able to multiply the price of hard sweets
by 2.5, from I dollar to 2.50 dollars by changing to a fancy jar,
or that he had made a 5-ounce bottle look as though it held 8 ounces,
he was in effect telling the public that packaging can be a very expensive
luxury. It evidently does come high, when an average family pays about
200 dollars a year for bottles, cans, boxes, jars and other containers,
most of which can' t be used anything but stuffing the garbage can
. 21 . What started the public and
Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus? A)
Consumers' complaints about the changes in the package size. B)
Expensive packaging for poor quality products. C)
A senator's discovery of the tricks in packaging. D)
The rise in the unit price for many products. 22.
The word "undue" (Para. 2) means "__________". A)
improper B)adequate C)unexpected D)excessive 23.
Consumers are concerned about the changes in the package size, mainly
because __________. A) they hate
to see any changes in things they are familiar with B)
they unit price for a product often rises as a result C)
they have to pay for the cost of changing package sizes D)
this entails an increase in the cost of packaging 24.
According to this passage, various types of packaging come into existence
to __________. A) meet the needs
of consumers B) suit all kinds of
products C) enhance the market position
of products D) introduce new products 25.
The author is critical mainly of _________. A)
dishonest packaging B) inferior packaging C)
the changes in package size D) exaggerated
illustrations on packages Questions
26 to 30 are based on the following passage: If
sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American
firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally
seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in United
States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility.
Labour is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at
the lowest possible cost-much as one buys raw materials or equipment. The
lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen
in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial
officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource
management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate
hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major
strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive
Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource
management is central-usually the second most important executive,
after the CEO, in the firm's hierarchy. While
American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training
their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their
employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they
do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial
employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers
are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary
to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that
make it possible to absorb new technologies. As
a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive.
If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to
operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany
(as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany
than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment
is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining
generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with
which new equipment can be employed. The result is as lower pace of
technological change. And in the end the skills of the population
affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can't effectively
staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional
jobs that to with these processes will disappear. 26.
Which of the following applies to the management of human resources
in American companies? A) They hire
people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills. B)
They see the gaining of skills as their employees' own business. C)
They attach more importance to workers than equipment. D)
They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition. 27.
What is the position of the head of human-resource management in an
American firm? A) He is one of the
most important executives in firms. B)
His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced. C)
He is directly under the chief financial executives in the firms. D)
He has no say in making important decisions in the firm. 28.
The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to ______. A)
workers who can operate new equipment B)
technological and managerial staff C)
workers who lack basic background skills D)
top executives 29. According to the
passages, the decisive factor in maintaining a firm's competitive
advantage is _________. A) the introduction
of new technologies B) the improvement
of worker's basic skills . C) the
rational composition of professional and managerial employees D)
the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employees 30.
What is the main idea of the passage? A)
American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human-resource
management. B) Extensive retraining
is indispensable to effective human-resource management. C)
The head of human-resource management must be in the central position
in a firm's hierarchy. D) The human-resource
management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity. Questions
31 to 35 are based on the following passage: The
biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to
the subject . Too close a relation, and the writer may be objectivity.
Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to
any effort to portray a mind, a soul-the quality of life. Who should
write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness
to the subject, family members may have special information, but by
the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them
to be fair. Similarly, a king' s servant might not be the best one
to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have
the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the king' s biography-not
for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate. There
is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with
the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as
necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and
weaknesses: to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these,
evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly. When
their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal
a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are
only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant
to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies
of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class. Biographers
may claim that their account is the "authentic" one. In
advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is "authorized"
by the subject, this presumably allows the biographer special access
to private information. "Unauthorized" biographies also
have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence
of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the "unauthorized"
characterisation usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that
the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies,
even several "authentic" ones. We sense intuitively that
no one is in a position to tell the story of a life, perhaps not even
the subject, and this has been proved by .the history of biography. 31
. According to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who _______
. A) knows the subject very well
and yet maintains a proper distance from him . B)
is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writing C)
is independent and treats the subject with fairness and objectivity
. D) possesses special private information
and is sympathetic toward the subject 32
. The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order
to show that _______. A) the best
biographies are meant to transform their readers B)
biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects' lives C)
the best biographies are the of heroes and famous figures D)
biographies can serve different purpose 33
. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage? A)
An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers. B)
An authentic biography is one authorized by the subject. C)
No one can write a perfect biography. D)
Authorized biographies have a wider readership. 34
. An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because
______. A) it portrays the subject
both faithfully and vividly B) it
contains interesting information about the subject's private life C)
it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsiders D)
it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subject's character 35.
In this passage, the author focuses on __________. A)
the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to
do his job B) the secret of a biographer
to win more readers C) the techniques
required of a biographer to write a food biography D)
the characteristics of different kinds of biographies . Questions
36 to 40 are based on the following passage: Whether
the eyes are "the windows of the soul" is debatable, that
they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact.
During the first two months of a baby's life, the stimulus that produces
a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with
two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with
eyes then the face will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of
only one eye then the face is presented in profile. This attraction
to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures.
In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people,
75 percent of them drew people with mouths , but 99 percent of them
drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried
on their mother's back, infants to not acquire as much attachment
to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults
make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In
fact, Argyle reveals that the "proper place to focus one's gaze
during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one's conversation
partner." The role of eye contact
in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined:
speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one
second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish
eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience
is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners,
meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves-to
glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at
the speaker at the `precise moment when the speaker reestablishes
eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they
are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed
or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering
is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when
two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic
jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable
pauses. 36. The author is convinced
that the eyes are_______ . A) of
extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideas B)
something through which one can see a person' s inner world C)
of considerable significance in making conversati6ns interesting D)
something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate 37
. Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person _______. A)
whose front view is fully perceived B)
whose face is covered with a mask C)
whose face is seen from the side D)
whose face is free of any covering 38
. According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation
partner' s neck because _________. A)
they don't like to keep their eyes on the face of the speaker B)
they need not communicate through eye contact C)
they don't think it polite to have eye contact D)
they didn't have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact
in babyhood 39 . According to the
passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to
_________. A) one temporarily glancing
away from the other B) eye contact
of more than one second C) improperly-timed
ceasing of eye contact D) constant
adjustment of eye contact 40. To
keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants
_______. A) not to wear dark spectacles
B) not to make any interruptions C)
not to glance away from each other D) not to make unpredictable pauses Part
III Vocabulary and Structure Directions:
There are 30 incomplete sentences in this pert . For each sentence
there are four choices marked A ) , B ) , C ) and D ) . Choose the
ONE that best completes the sentence . Then mark the corresponding
letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre . 41
. By _______computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house
would cost him a thousand dollars. A)
coarse B) rude C) crude D) rough 42
. Your story about the frog turning into a prince is _______nonsense. A)
sheer B) shear C) shield D) sheet 43
. I could see that my wife was ________ having that fur coat, whether
I approved of it or not. A) adequate
for B) intent on C) short of D) deficient in 44
. The _______ runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes. A)
common B) usual C) average D) general 45
. One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a operation,
he quickly recovered his sight. A)
delicate B) considerate C) precise D) sensitive 46
. As an excellent shooter, Peter practised aiming at both _______
targets and moving targets. A) standing
B) stationary C) still D) stable 47
. In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible
_______ and many jobs on campus are reserved for students . A)
scales B) patterns C) grades D) ranks 48
. The insurance company paid him $10, 000 in _______ after his accident. A)
compensation B) installment C) substitution D) commission 49
. The political future of the president is now hanging by a _______. A)
thread B) cord C)string D) rope 50
. The statue would be perfect but for a few small _______ in its be. A)
mistakes B) weaknesses c) flaws D) errors 51
. Why should anyone want to read _______ of books by great authors
when the real pleasure comes from reading the originals, A)
themes B) insights C) digests D) leaflets 52
. Parents have a legal _______ to ensure that their children are provided
with efficient education suitable to their age. A)
impulse B) influence C) obligation D) sympathy 53
. Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession
women are in a _______. A) scarcity
B) minority C) minimum D) shortage 54
. David likes country life and has decided to _______ farming. A)
go in for B)go back on C) go through
with D) go along with . 55 . Jack
was about to announce our plan but I _______ . A)
put him through B) turned him out C)
gave him up D) cut him short 56.
I am sore I can _______ him into letting us stay in the h6tel for
the night. A) speak B) say C) talk
D) tell 57. Last year, the crime
rate in Chicago has sharply _______. A)
declined B) lessened C) descended D) slipped 58
. The republication of the pet' s most recent works will certainly
_______ his national reputation. A)
magnify B) strengthen C) enlarge D) enhance 59
. Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children
_______ a violent act previously seen on television. A)
modifying B) duplicating C) accelerating D) stimulating 60
. This kind of material can _______ heat and moisture. A)
delete B) `compel C) constrain D) repel 61
. Reading _______ the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is
thinking that makes what we read ours. A)
rectifies B) prolongs C) minimizes D) furnishes 62.
If the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to _______
in the courtyard. A) assemble B)
converge C) crowd D) accumulate 63
. The work in the office was _______ by a constant stream of visitors. A)
confused B) hampered C) reverend D) perplexed 64.
The joys of travel, having long _______ the disabled, are opening
up to virtually anyone who has the means. A)
omitted B) missed C) neglected D) discarded 65
. Fewer and fewer of today's workers expect to spend their working
lives in the same field, _______ the same company. A)
all else B) much worse C) less likely D) let alone 66.
When he finally emerged from the cave after thirty days, John was
_______ pale. A) enormously B) startlingly
C) uniquely D) dramatically 67 .
Thank you for applying for a position with our firm. We do not have
any openings at this time, but we shall keep your application on _______
for two months. A) pile B) segment
C) sequence D) file 68. It will be
safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large
amounts of cash; virtually all financial _______ will be conducted
by computer. A) transactions B) transmissions
C) transitions D) transformations 69.
The of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some
physical aspect in the life style of the people. A)
implementation B) manifestation C) demonstration D) expedition 70
. The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought
increase, a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper
jobs. A) manipulation B) reproduction
C) circulation D) penetration Part
IV short Answer Questions (15 minutes) Directions:
In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete
statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions
or complete the statements is the fewest possible word. I
once knew a dog named Newton who had a unique sense of humour. Whenever
I tossed out a Frisbee for him to chase, he'd take off in hot pursuit
but then seem to lose track of it. Moving back and forth only a yard
of two from the toy, Newton would look all around, even up into the
trees. He seemed genuinely puzzled. Finally, I'd give up and head
into the field to help him out. But no sooner would I get within 10
ft. Of him than he would run invariably straight over to the Frisbee,
grab it and start running like mad, looking over his shoulder with
what looked suspiciously like a grin. Just
about every pet owner has a story like this and is eager to share
it with anyone who will listen. On very short notice, TIME reporters
cam up with 25 stories about what each is convinced is the smartest
pet in the world. Among them: the cat who closes the door behind him
when he goes into the bathroom; the cat who uses a toilet instead
of a litter box... and flushes it afterward; the dog who goes wild
when he sees his owner putting on blue jeans instead of a dress because
jeans mean it is time to play; and the cat who used to wait patiently
at the bus stop every day for a little girl, then walk her the six
blocks home. And so on. These behaviours
are certainly clever, but what do they mean? Was Newton really deceiving?
Can a cat really desire privacy in the toilet? In short, do household
pets really have a mental and emotional life? Their owners think so,
but until recently, animal-behaviour exports would have gone mad on
hearing such a question. The worst sin in the worst sin in their moral
vocabulary was anthropomorphism, projecting human traits onto animals.
A dog or a cat might behave as if it were angry, lonely, sad, happy
or confused, but that was only in the eye of the viewer. What was
going on, they insisted was that the dog or cat had been conditioned,
through a perhaps unintentional series of punishments and rewards,
the behave certain way. The behaviour was a mechanical result of the
training. 71. What did Newton seem
puzzled about? 72. Why does the author
say Newton had unique sense of humour? 73.
What made it possible for the TIME reporters to come up with so many
interesting stories about pets? 74.
What belief about pet behaviour was unacceptable to experts of animal
behaviour? 75. What is the explanation
of animal-behaviour experts for the "clever"behaviour of
pets? Part V Writing (30 minutes) Directions
: For this part , you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition
on the topic My View on Job-Hopping. You should write at least 120
words and you should abase your composition on the outline ( given
in Chinese ) below : 1.有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作,因为
... 2.有些人喜欢经常更换工作,因为... 3.我的看法 My
View on Job-Hopping 参考答案 Part
I (略) Part II Reading Comprehension
(35 minutes) 21. C 22. D 23. B 24.
C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. B 29. B 30.
D 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A 36.
A 37. C 38. D 39. C 40. A Part III
Vocabulary and Structure 41. D 42.
A 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. C 47. B 48.
A 49. A 50. C 51. C 52. C 53. B 54.
A 55. D 56. C 57. A 58. D 59. B 60.
D 61. D 62. A 63. B 64. C 65. D 66.
B 67. D 68. A 69. B 70. C Part IV
Short Answer Question 71. Not knowing
the Fribee's track. 72. Because Newton
intended to deceive him. 73. That
the owners want others to share their stories. 74.
That animals have a mental and emotional life. 75.
Mechanical result of training. Part
V Writing 略
|