1997年1月四级英语考试
　　Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) （略）　　
　　Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)
　　Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked 　A),B),C) and D) Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter 　on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

　　21.Until then, his family _______ from him for six months.

　　 A)didn't hear
　　 B)hasn't been hearing
　　 C)hasn't heard
　　 D)hadn't heard

　　22.The conference ________ a full week by the time it ends.

　　 A)must have lasted
　　 B)will have lasted
　　 C)would last
　　 D)has lasted

　　23.Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at
　　　regular _______.

　　 A)gaps
　　 B)rate
　　 C)length
　　 D)intervals

　　24.Physics is _______ to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.

　　 A)alike
　　 B)equivalent
　　 C)likely
　　 D)uniform

　　25.There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means ______ trouble.

　　 A)making
　　 B)to make
　　 C)to have made
　　 D)having made

　　26.After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as
　　　well as boys _____ to go to school.

　　 A)to be encouraged
　　 B)been encouraged
　　 C)being encouraged
　　 D)be encouraged

　　27. The new appointment of our president ________ from the very beginning of next semester.

　　 A)takes effect
　　 B)takes part
　　 C)takes place
　　 D)takes turns

　　28. The president made a ______ speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting ,which
　　　encouraged the sportsmen greatly.

　　 A)from
　　 B)with
　　 C)to
　　 D)for

　　29. It is useful to be able to predict the extent ______ which a price change will affect supply and demand.

　　 A)from
　　 B)with
　　 C)to
　　 D)for

　　30.Finding a job in such a big company has always been _____ his wildest dreams.

　　 A)under
　　 B)over
　　 C)above
　　 D)beyond

　　31.It is not easy to learn English well, but if you _____ ,you will succeed in the end.

　　 A)hang up
　　 B)hang about
　　 C)hang on
　　 D)hang onto

　　32.It is reported that ______ adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.

　　 A)the most
　　 B)most of
　　 C)most
　　 D)the most of

　　33.Last year the advertising rate ______ by 20 percent.

　　 A)raised
　　 B)aroused
　　 C)arose
　　 D)rose

　　34._____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.

　　 A)Had they arrived
　　 B)Would they arrive
　　 C)Were they arriving
　　 D)Were they to arrive

　　35. The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fishing boats were ____
　　　and many houses collapsed.

　　 A)wrecked
　　 B)spoiled
　　 C)torn
　　 D)injured

　　36.The little man was _______ one metre fifty high.

　　 A)almost more than
　　 B)hardly more than
　　 C)nearly more than
　　 D)as much as

　　37. As ______ announced in today's papers. The Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open
　　　on Sundays.

　　 A)being
　　 B)is
　　 C)to be
　　 D)been

　　38. You see the lightning _____ it happens , but you hear the thunder later.

　　 A)the instant
　　 B)for an instant
　　 C)on the instant
　　 D)in at instant

　　39.The manager lost his ______ just because his secretary was ten minutes late.

　　 A)mood
　　 B)temper
　　 C)mind
　　 D)passion

　　40 Great as Newton was , many of his ideas ______ today and are being modified by the
　　　work of scientists of our time.

　　 A) are to challenge
　　 B)may be challenged
　　 C)have been challenged
　　 D)are challenging

　　41. Please the careful when you are drinking coffee in case you ______ the new carpet.

　　 A)crash
　　 B)pollute
　　 C)spot
　　 D)stain

　　42. I'd rather read than watch television ; the programs seem ________ all the time.

　　 A)to get worse
　　 B)to be getting worse
　　 C)to have got worse
　　 D)getting worse

　　43.Convenievce foods which are already prepared for cooking are ______ in grocery stores.

　　 A)ready
　　 B)approachable
　　 C)probable
　　 D)available

　　44.When I caught him ______ I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.

　　 A)cheating
　　 B)cheat
　　 C)to cheat
　　 D)to be cheating

　　45.It is important that enough money ______ to fund the project.

　　 A)be collected
　　 B)must be collected
　　 C)was collected
　　 D)can be collected

　　46.Some old people don't like pop songs because they can't ____ so much noise.

　　 A)resist
　　 B)sustain
　　 C)tolerate
　　 D)undergo

　　47.If only the committee ______ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.

　　 A)approve
　　 B)will approve
　　 C)can approve
　　 D)would approve

　　48._____ one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.

　　 A)On
　　 B)By
　　 C)At
　　 D)Of

　　49.______ it or not ,his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.

　　 A)Believe
　　 B)To believe
　　 C)Believing
　　 D)Believed

　　50. Mr. Morgan can be very sad ______ , though in public he is extremely cheerful.

　　 A) by himself
　　 B) in person
　　 C) in private
　　 D) as individual

　　Part III Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
　　Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part . Each passage is followed by some questions or 　unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide
　on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the 　centre.
　　Passage One
　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
　　Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where 　we "fit " in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempy to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian ,whether the telephone caller　is a friend or a salesman ,whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader , and so on .
　　The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout lift. Most of us can , at very high speed , assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation　to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal　and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly..
　　A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as　by our pocketbook Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor abjustments , we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too come ready made,　and the range of choice among them is limited.

　　51.In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us ______.

　　 A)determine whether a person is fit for a certain job
　　 B)behave appropriately in relation to other people
　　 C)protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations
　　 D)make friends with other people

　　52.According to the writer, people often assume different statuses _____.

　　 A)in order to identify themselves with others
　　 B)in order to better identify others
　　 C)as their mental processes change
　　 D)as the situation changes

　　53. The word "appraisal "(Line5, Para.2) most probably means "_______".

　　 A)involvement
　　 B)appreciation
　　 C)assessment
　　 D)presentation

　　54.In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun "it "refers to "_____ ".

　　 A)fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately
　　 B)identification of other people's statuses
　　 C)selecting one's own statuses
　　 D)constant mental process

　　55. By saying that "an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of
　　　a Hindu prince" (Lines 2-3, Para.3), the writer means ____.

　　 A)different people have different styles of clothes
　　 B)ready-made clothes may need alterations
　　 C)statuses come ready made just like clothes
　　 D)our choice of statuses is limited

　　Passage Two
　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:
　　Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people, but I also explain that there's a big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. "You've got to want to write, " I say to them, "not want to be a writer".
　　The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U.S. Coat Guard to become　a freelance writer , I dad no prospects at all . What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn't even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer.
　　After a year or so, however, I still hadn't gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write, I had dreamed about it for years . I wasn't going to be one of those people who die wondering, What if? I would keep putting my dream to the test-even though it meant　living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to　live there.

　　56. The passage is meant to ______.

　　 A)warn young people of the hardships that a successful writer has to experience
　　 B)advise young people to give up their idea of becoming a professional writer
　　 C)show young people it's unrealistic for a writer to pursue wealth and fame
　　 D)encourage young people to pursue a writing career

　　57. What can be concluded from the passage?

　　 A)Genuine writers often find their work interesting and rewarding.
　　 B)A writer's success depends on luck rather than on effort.
　　 C)Famous writers usually live in poverty and isolation.
　　 D)The chances for a writer to become successful are small.

　　58.Why did the author begin to doubt himself after the first year of his writing career?

　　 A)He wasn't able to produce a single book.
　　 B)He hadn't seen a change for the better.
　　 C)He wasn't able to have a rest for a whole year.
　　 D)who are full of imagination even upon death.

　　59."...people who die wondering, What if?"(Line3, Para.3) refers to "those ______".

　　 A)who think too much of the dark side of life
　　 B)who regret giving up their career halfway
　　 C)who think a lot without making a decision
　　 D)who are full of imagination even upon death

　　60. "Shadowland" in the last sentence refers to ________.

　　 A)the wonderland one often dreams about
　　 B)the bright future that one is looking forward to
　　 C)the state of uncertainty before one's final goal is reached
　　 D)a world that exists only in one's imagination

　　Passage Three
　　Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage:
　　It is , everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so　in so short a period of time challenges explanation.
　　Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some　time before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture　and by making questioning noises.
　　Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on . But since these cannot be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language.　It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words　spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.

　　61.By "....challenges explanation" (Line 2, Para.1) the author means that ______.

　　 A)no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon
　　 B)no explanation has been made up to now
　　 C)it's no easy job to provide an adequate explanation
　　 D)it's high time that an explanation was provided

　　62. The third paragraph is mainly about _________

　　 A)the development of babies' early forms of language
　　 B)the difficulties of babies in learning to speak
　　 C)babies' strong desire to communicate
　　 D)babies' intention to communicate

　　63. The author's purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children _______.

　　 A)usually obey without asking questions
　　 B)are passive the process of learning to speak
　　 C)are born cooperative
　　 D)learn to speak by listening

　　64.From the passage we learn that _______-

　　 A)early starters can learn to speak within only six months
　　 B)children show a strong desire to communicate by making noises
　　 C)imitation plays an important role in learning to speak
　　 D)children have various difficulties in learning to speak

　　65.The best title for this passage would be _______.

　　　A)How Babies Learn to Speak
　　　B)Early Forms of Language
　　　C)A Huge Task for Children
　　　D)Noise Making and Language Learning

　　Passage Four
　　Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage:
　　Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study there relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards　can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
　　The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
　　"If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," say Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards."
　　A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement　ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
　　In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the　Delaware psychologist claims.

　　66.Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ______.

　　 A)the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
　　 B)the amount of monetary rewards for student' creativity
　　 C)the study of relationship between actions and their consequences
　　 D)the effects of external rewards on student's performance

　　67. What is the response of many educators the external rewards for their students?

　　 A)They have no doubts about them.
　　 B)They have doubts about them.
　　 C)They approve of them.
　　 D)They avoid talking about them.

　　68.Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?

　　 A)Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.
　　 B)Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.
　　 C)Giving them rewards they really deserve.
　　 D)Giving them rewards they anticipate.

　　69. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading
　　　standards because they believe _______.

　　 A)rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students
　　 B)punishment is more effective than rewarding
　　 C)failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards
　　 D)discouraging the students' anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency

　　70.The phrase "token economies"(Line 1, Para. 5)probably refers to ______.

　　 A)ways to develop economy
　　 B)systems of rewarding students
　　 C)approaches to solving problems
　　 D)methods of improving performance


1997年1月四级英语考试（答案）

　 　第21题：正确答案是D,

　　第22题：正确答案是B,

　　第23题：正确答案是D,

　　第24题：正确答案是B,

　　第25题：正确答案是B

　　第26题：正确答案是C,

　　第27题：正确答案是A,

　　第28题：正确答案是A,

　　第29题：正确答案是C,

　　第30题：正确答案是D,

　　第31题：正确答案是C,

　　第32题：正确答案是C,

　　第33题：正确答案是D,

　　第34题：正确答案是D,

　　第35题：正确答案是A,

　　第36题：正确答案是B,

　　第37题：正确答案是B,

　　第38题：正确答案是A,

　　第39题：正确答案是B,

　　第40题：正确答案是C,

　　第41题：正确答案是D,

　　第42题：正确答案是B,

　　第43题：正确答案是D,

　　第44题：正确答案是A,

　　第45题：正确答案是A,

　　第46题：正确答案是C,

　　第47题：正确答案是D,

　　第48题：正确答案是C,

　　第49题：正确答案是A,

　　第50题：正确答案是C,

　　第51题：正确答案是B,

　　第52题：正确答案是D,

　　第53题：正确答案是C,

　　第54题：正确答案是A,

　　第55题：正确答案是D,

　　第56题：正确答案是A,

　　第57题：正确答案是D,

　　第58题：正确答案是B,

　　第59题：正确答案是B,

　　第60题：正确答案是C,

　　第61题：正确答案是C,

　　第62题：正确答案是A,

　　第63题：正确答案是D,

　　第64题：正确答案是C,

　　第65题：正确答案是A,

　　第66题：正确答案是D,

　　第67题：正确答案是B,

　　第68题：正确答案是C,

　　第69题：正确答案是A,

　　第70题：正确答案是B